The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure are a collection of judicial procedures authorized by Congress that govern civil proceedings in federal court.

The undue difficulty standard is utilized in the context of development, where each celebration can buy information or ev 153 Fed. R. Civ. P. 26. Under Rule 26, an event may well not learn documents and tangible items that are ready in anticipation of litigation or even for test by or even for another celebration or its agent. 154 Fed. R. Civ. P. 26. Nonetheless, materials ready in expectation of litigation may be found in the event that celebration asking for the materials shows it’s a “substantial significance of the materials” and “cannot, without undue hardship, get their substantial equivalent by other means.